pepala la mphira
Izi ndizosiyana ndi njira zina zopangira mphira.Mankhwalawa amaphatikizidwa mu mphira mu gawo lonyowa ndi breakdown yocheperako.Chigawocho chimaphatikizidwa ndikuwumitsidwa mosalekeza mu chipinda cha kutentha.
Kuwonongeka kwakung'ono pa mamolekyu a rabara kumatsimikizira ntchito yapamwamba.Kugwiritsira ntchito kwakukulu kwa mankhwalawa ndi mapepala a rabala.Mapepala a rabara amachiritsidwa pa makulidwe osiyanasiyana kuyambira 3mm mpaka 25mm.Kukula kotchuka kwambiri kumachokera ku 6.0mm mpaka 9.0mm.Mochuluka amaperekedwa mu 10m × 1.5m mpukutu, wokutidwa mu pulasitiki wolukidwa encase.The mphira adzakhala ozizira zomangirira pazitsulo zitsulo kaya mu workshop kapena onsite.80% - 90% ya mankhwalawa adzakhala ntchito izi.
Makulidwe achikhalidwe amapezeka mukapempha.